P-values and bias
March 11, 2025•266 words
The accuracy of measurements and statistical estimates has two components, precision and validity. For example, a pistol shooter trying to hit the bull's-eye may shake his hand when firing (inaccuracy) or have the rear sight poorly set (systematic error).
P-values, confidence intervals and statistical significance are the precision measures used in statistical inference. Systematic errors (validity problems) are known as bias. The statistical precision of a hypothesis test or effect size estim...
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